{"id":717,"date":"2022-04-10T20:34:06","date_gmt":"2022-04-10T12:34:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/axinyi.xuenixiang.com\/?p=717"},"modified":"2022-05-05T15:17:31","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T07:17:31","slug":"chapter-two","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/axinyi.xuenixiang.com\/index.php\/2022\/04\/10\/chapter-two\/","title":{"rendered":"&Chapter Two"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1\u8def\u6613\u65af\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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A\uff1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5b50<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.5\u5171\u8f6d\u5927 \u03c0 \u952e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927 \u03c0<\/strong> \u952e\uff08\u79bb\u57df \u03c0<\/strong> \u952e\uff09\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u6216\u4e09\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u7684p-p\u5927 \u03c0<\/strong> \u952e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e24\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u7684 \u03c0<\/strong> \u952e\u3002\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6216\u4e09\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7528\u952e\u8054\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0b\u5217\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u79bb\u57df \u03c0<\/strong> a<\/sub>b<\/sup>\u952e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.\u82ef\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684p-p\u5927 \u03c0<\/strong> \u952e\uff08C\u4e3asp2<\/sup>\u6742\u5316\uff09 \u03c0<\/strong> 6<\/sub>6<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.\u4e01\u4e8c\u70ef\u4e2d\u7684p-p\u5927 \u03c0<\/strong> \u952e \u03c0<\/strong> 4<\/sub>4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.CO2<\/sub>\u5206\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u5927 \u03c0<\/strong> <\/sub> \u952e\uff08sp\u6742\u5316\u8f68\u9053\uff09 \u03c0<\/strong> <\/sub> 3<\/sub>4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\uff081\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u603b\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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4.CO3<\/sub>2-<\/sup>\u7684\u5927 \u03c0<\/strong> <\/sub> \u952e \u03c0<\/strong> 4<\/sub>6<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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2.6\u7b49\u7535\u5b50\u4f53\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\uff085\uff09PO3<\/sub>3-<\/sup>\u3001SO3<\/sub>2-<\/sup>\u3001ClO3<\/sub>-<\/sup><\/strong>\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u5177\u6709AX3<\/sub>\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\uff0c\u603b\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\u657026.VSEPR\u7406\u60f3\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u56db\u9762\u4f53\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u7acb\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u4e09\u89d2\u9525\u4f53\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5b50\u53d6sp3<\/sup>\u6742\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709p-p \u03c0<\/strong> \u952e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8def\u6613\u65af\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u91cc\u7684\u91cd\u952e\u662fd-p \u03c0<\/strong> \u952e\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1aSO3<\/sub>\u548cSO3<\/sub>2-<\/sup>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u901a\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u800524e-<\/sup>\uff0c\u540e\u800526e-<\/sup>\uff0c\u6545\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\u3002SO3<\/sub>\u662f\u5e73\u9762\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff0cSO3<\/sub>2-<\/sup>\u4e3a\u4e09\u89d2\u9525\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.7\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7406\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u628a\u7ec4\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6240\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53<\/strong>\u6765\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4e5f\u50cf\u7ec4\u6210\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed<\/strong>\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u4e2d\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5e03<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

4.\u5f02\u6838\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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C:1s2<\/sup>2s2<\/sup>2p2<\/sup><\/sub> O:1s2<\/sup>2s2<\/sup>2p4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5.\u952e\u7ea7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u00b7\u4f46F-F\u952e\u80fd\u660e\u663e\u53cd\u5e38<\/strong>\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u6bd4Cl-Cl\u751a\u81f3Br-Br\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u8fd8\u5c0f\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6c1f\u539f\u5b50\u8fc7\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4f1a\u56e0\u5f62\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u800c\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u952e\u80fd\u5bf9\u4f30\u7b97\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u8fd8\u5f88\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u952e\u80fd\u662f\u8868\u5f81\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u8861\u91cf\u952e\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u952e\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u952e\u5c31\u7ea6\u7262\u56fa\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/strong>\uff08\u952e\u80fd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6cd5\u53ca\u5149\u8c31\u6cd5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\u952e\u957f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8ddd\u79bb\u2014\u2014\u952e\u957f<\/strong>\uff08\u6216\u6838\u95f4\u8ddd\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u53cc\u952e\u6216\u4e09\u952e\u7684\u952e\u957f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u952e\u6570\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u952e\u957f\u8d8a\u77ed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u952e\u8d8a\u77ed\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u8d8a\u7262\u56fa\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66<\/strong>\u8fd1\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u952e\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u590d\u6742\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\u957f\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5149\u8c31\u6216X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04<\/strong>\u7b49\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u952e\u89d2<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5b50<\/strong>\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u5b50<\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fde\u7ebf\u7684\u5939\u89d2\u2014\u2014\u952e\u89d2<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u5206\u5b50\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u952e\u7684\u6781\u6027<\/strong>\u548c\u952e\u89d2<\/strong>\u53ef\u63a8\u6d4b\u51fa\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6784\u578b<\/strong>\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u952e\u957f\u548c\u952e\u89d2\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u6784\u578b\u5c31\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7\u5229\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u5149\u8c31<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u952e\u89d2<\/strong>\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u503c\u3002\u952e\u89d2\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u3001\u7194\u6cb8\u70b9\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.\u952e\u7684\u6781\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c<\/strong>\u539f\u5b50\u4ee5\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7ed3\u5408\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u91cd\u5fc3<\/strong>\u548c\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\u91cd\u5fc3\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u5408\uff0c\u5219\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u2014\u2014\u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e\uff0c\u5982H2<\/sub>\u3001O2<\/sub>\u3001Cl2<\/sub>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00b7\u952e\u7684\u6781\u6027\u4e0e\u6210\u952e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u6709\u5173<\/strong>\uff0c\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u6210\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5dee\u4e3a0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6210\u952e\u7535\u5b50\u504f\u5411\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u952e\u6709\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e24\u5143\u7d20\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5dee\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u952e\u7684\u6781\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.\u5171\u4ef7\u534a\u5f84<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.8.2 \u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6781\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00b7\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A.\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u65e0\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u03bc=0 \u4e3a\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff1b\u03bc\u22600\u4e3a\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B.\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u5b50\u6781\u6027\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5076\u6781\u77e9\u589e\u5927<\/strong>\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u6781\u6027\u589e\u5927<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C.\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u5b50\u7a7a\u95f4\u6784\u578b\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6781\u6027\u4e0e\u952e\u7684\u6781\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u89e3\u91caCO\u5206\u5b50<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u78b3\u548c\u6c27\u7684\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0cCO\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8d1f\u7535\u91cd\u5fc3\u5e94\u504f\u5411\u6c27\u539f\u5b50<\/strong>\u4e00\u4fa7\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662fCO\u7684\u8d1f\u7535\u91cd\u5fc3\u5728\u78b3\u539f\u5b50<\/strong>\u4e00\u4fa7\u3002\u5982Fe(CO)5<\/sub>.\u539f\u56e0\u662fCO\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u76842p\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\uff08\u914d\u4f4d\u952e\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8d1f\u7535\u91cd\u5fc3\u79fb\u5411\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.9\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.\u53d6\u5411\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.\u8bf1\u5bfc\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3.\u8272\u6563\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

4.\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5.\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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2.9.2\u6c22\u952e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3.\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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4.\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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