{"id":601,"date":"2022-05-05T15:20:33","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T07:20:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/axinyi.xuenixiang.com\/?p=601"},"modified":"2022-05-05T15:20:35","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T07:20:35","slug":"chapter-one","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/axinyi.xuenixiang.com\/index.php\/2022\/05\/05\/chapter-one\/","title":{"rendered":"&Chapter One"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u7b80\u53f2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u7d20\u3001\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u548c\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u4e30\u5ea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6838\u7d20<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5b50\u6570\u7684\u539f\u5b50 \uff08\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff09\u3002 \u59821<\/sup>H\u300116<\/sup>O<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5143\u7d20<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u4e2d\u5b50\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u91cf\u5f02\u4f4d\u7d20<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u6838\u5b50\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u800c\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u4e2d\u7d20<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5b50\u6570\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff08\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u4e30\u5ea6<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u67d0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5929\u7136\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7684\u5206\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u503c<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u5206\u522b\u4e58\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6743\u503c\u518d\u52a0\u548c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6743\u503c\u4e3a\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u6f14\u5316\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u5149\u8c31\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u7ebf\u72b6\u7684\u3001\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u57fa\u6001\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u5904\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u80fd\u7ea7\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56db\u3001\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u8c61\u6027\uff1a\u5fae\u7c92\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5149\u5b50\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u5176\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u6781\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u4f5c\u9ad8\u901f\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u663e\u51fa\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u663e\u51fa\u7c92\u5b50\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5206\u522b\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u7c92\u5b50\u6027\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e94\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84<\/strong>\uff08\u6838\u5230\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8ddd\u79bb\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20<\/strong>\uff0c\u8d1f\u79bb\u5b50\u534a\u5f84>\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84 \u6b63\u79bb\u5b50\u534a\u5f84<\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\uff08\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\u8d8a\u591a\u534a\u5f84\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u8d8a\u591a\u534a\u5f84\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\u540c\u4e00\u5468\u671f<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u968f\u7740z\u589e\u52a0\uff0cr\u51cf\u5c0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u540c\u4e00\u65cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u65cf<\/strong>\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\uff0c\u968fz\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u589e\u52a0\uff0cr\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u526f\u65cf<\/strong>\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0br\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff08\u9567\u7cfb\u6216\u9515\u7cfb\u6536\u7f29<\/strong>\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u516d\u3001\u7535\u79bb\u80fd<\/strong>\uff08\u5904\u4e8e\u57fa\u6001\u7684\u6c14\u6001\u539f\u5b50\u751f\u6210+1\u4ef7\u6c14\u6001\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e00\u7535\u79bb\u80fd\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u6838\u7535\u8377<\/strong>\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84<\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5982\u679c\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u540c\u4e00\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u2192\u53f3\uff0c\u6838\u7535\u8377\u2191r\u2193\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u5bf9\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u2191\uff0c
\u2234\u4e0d\u6613\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\uff0cI\u2191<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff082\uff09\u5982\u679c\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ef7\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u540c\u4e00\u65cf\uff09\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0br\u2191\uff0c\u6838\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u2193\uff0c\u8d8a\u6613\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\uff0cI\u2193\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff083\uff09\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u540c\u5468\u671f\u5176\u5b83\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u66f4\u4e0d\u6613\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\uff0cI\u5c31\u6bd4\u76f8\u90bb\u5176\u5b83\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5927\uff0c\u5982\u7a00\u6709\u6c14\u4f53<\/strong>\u7684I\u6700\u5927<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u203b<\/strong> \u5982 Be >B N>O
2p\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5468\u671fI\u51fa\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298
2s2<\/sup> ~ 2s2<\/sup>2p1 <\/sup> 2p3 <\/sup>~ 2p4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff085\uff09I\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u6c14\u6001\u65f6\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u8bf4\u660e\u6613\u751f\u6210\u4f55\u79cd\u4ef7\u6001\uff0c \u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u80fd\u7ea7\u7535\u79bb\u80fd\u6709\u7a81\u8dc3\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u5206\u5c42\u6392\u5e03\u7684\u6709\u529b\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u203b<\/strong>\u2234 \u5728\u540c\u671f\u8868\u4e2dCs\u7684I1\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u800cHe\u7684I1\u6700\u5927\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c42\u4e0e\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7535\u79bb\u52bf\u76f8\u5dee\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u5c42\u7535\u79bb\u52bf\u76f8\u5dee\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e03\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u4eb2\u548c\u80fd<\/strong>\uff08\u5f53\u5143\u7d20\u5904\u4e8e\u57fa\u6001\u7684\u6c14\u6001\u539f\u5b50\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a\u8d1f\u4e00\u4ef7\u6c14\u4f53\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u65f6\u6240\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u7b2cI\u7535\u5b50\u4eb2\u5408\u80fd\u3002\u7528\u201cA\u201d\u8868\u793a\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7535\u5b50\u4eb2\u548c\u80fd\u662f\u6c14\u6001\u539f\u5b50\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u91cf\u5ea6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0e\u7535\u79bb\u80fd\u76f8\u53cd,\u7535\u5b50\u4eb2\u548c\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u539f\u5b50\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u96be\u6613\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u203b \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4eb2\u548c\u80fd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u6620\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u203b \u4e3a\u4f55\u7535\u5b50\u4eb2\u5408\u80fd\u5176\u6700\u5927\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7b2c3\u5468\u671f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u65cf\u7684\u7b2c2\u5468\u671f\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b54<\/strong>\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c2\u5468\u671f\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5982F\u3001O\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u95f4\u6392\u65a5\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5f53\u52a0\u5408\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8d1f\u79bb\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u516b\u3001\u7535\u8d1f\u6027<\/strong>\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u5316\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u5927\u5c0f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u4e00\u5468\u671f\uff1a\u4ece\u5de6\u2192\u53f3\uff0cXP<\/sub>\u2191\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aZ\u2191\uff0cr\u2193\u5438\u5f15\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u2191\u4e4b\u6545<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u4e00\u65cf\uff1a\u4ece\u4e0a\u2192\u4e0b\uff0cXP<\/sub>\u2193\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3ar\u2191\uff0c\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u203b<\/strong>\u2234\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u6c1f<\/strong>\uff0c\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u6700\u4f4e\u662f\u94ef<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u76f8\u5dee\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u662f\u9567\u7cfb<\/strong>\u548c\u9515\u7cfb<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5dee \u2206X >1.7 \u2014\u79bb\u5b50\u952e<\/strong> \u5982NaCl (2.23)\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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